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Air Pollution Governance versus Economic Growth: New Normal and New Policy in China
Co-organizers: Center for Sustainable Development Studies, Fudan University;
Major Project of National Social Science Fund Mechanism of Air Pollution Governance
and the Transformation of Economic Development Pattern
Host: Chen Shiyi
Introduction of the Host:
Chen Shiyi is the Distinguished Professor of Chang Jiang Scholar, the Associate Dean of School of Economics at Fudan University, the Director of Center for Sustainable Development Studies at Fudan University, the Co-Director of ShanghaiHong Kong Development Institute between Chinese University of Hong Kong and Fudan University and the Co-Director of Leading Group of Ecology, Environment, Humanities and Social Sciences Research at Fudan University. He also serves as a research fellow at China Center for Economic Studies at Fudan University, Fudan Tyndall Centre and Fudan Development Institute. He holds a Ph.D. in Econometrics at Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea, and was visiting scholar at Humboldt University, Germany. His research interest is in applied econometrics, energy environment and sustainable development economics, economy and finance in Today's China. His current works are published in English journals such as Quantitative Finance, Journal of Forecasting, Journal of Economic Theory and Econometrics, China Economic Review, Energy Economics, Review of Development Economics, Energy Policy and top Chinese journals. He was awarded many academic honors. For instance, one of his books was included into “National Achievements Library” by National Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science in 2011, and one of his papers was awarded the first prize of the 10th Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Outstanding Research Achievement Award in 2010.
Theme Interpretation:
Since 2013, air pollution has become China’s major environmental pollution. Because of the long-term extensive pattern of economic development, the emission level of pollutants in many cities has reached the critical point. The pollutants are very sensitive to weather condition, so when adverse weather conditions come, pollutants will be difficult to timely diffuse, which will result in fog haze. Fog haze seriously influences the atmospheric environment, public health and national image. The root cause of air pollution is the extensive use of fossil fuels, which is highly correlated with the irrational industry structure and energy structure. In other way, it’s due to the long-term extensive pattern. Therefore, accelerating the economic transformation is the fundamental method of air pollution governance. Based on the background above, this roundtable will discuss what kind of environmental policies and economic policies should we make to promote the win-win development of air pollution governance and economic development. Jingjinji, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta Region are the three regions which suffer most from air pollution. These regions account for only 8% of China’s land area, but account for up to 42% of China’s total coal consumption. Nowadays, the influence of pollution interaction between cities has become increasingly important, and the air pollution in nearly cities changes simultaneously. Thus, air pollution is never a problem for any single city, but a regional problem. Meanwhile, air pollution is related to neighboring countries. We should learn air pollution governance experience from other countries, like London and Los Angeles. At present, the Chinese government attaches importance to air pollution governance and economic growth. Premier Li Keqiang made it clear in the government work report in 2014 that air pollution is the warning from nature, and we should declare war to it like what we do to poverty. In 2014, Chairman Xi Jinping also pointed out that the primary task to deal with haze pollution is controlling PM2.5, and we should not only take measures in reducing coal use, controlling the number of cars, strengthening management, joint prevention and law governance, but also focus on key areas, making strict assessment indicators, strengthening environmental law enforcement supervision. Moreover, in 2015, the People’s Congress has passed the “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution”. Through this roundtable, we look forward to give some policy recommendations in the following aspects. Firstly, how to develop more reasonable air quality standards and pollution control policies? These policies include not only planned-economic measures like emission standards for pollution sources, clean energy policies, but also marketing-economic measures. Secondly, how to build crossregion defense mechanism? Because the air pollution is crossover, it is influenced by geographical environment and upstream/downstream rivers, which means a single city cannot control air pollution independently. Thus, we should break the administrative regional restrictions, and establish inter-regional air pollution governance agencies, along with strong law enforcement and regulatory rights. Thirdly, how to reduce pollution by industrial restructuring? For example, traditional manufacturing in Log Angeles has basically moved to developing countries, and led to huge reduction of air pollutants emission. In recent years, new industries develop rapidly, such as electronics, telecommunications, software, biotechnology, internet and multimedia industries. Those new industries gradually replace the traditional ones, like mechanical manufacturing, energy and chemical products, and then greatly reduced the emission of pollutants.
The Road to the New Prosperity in Asia: Further Reform vs. Structural Adjustment
Co-organizer: Institute of World Economy, Fudan University
Host: Hua Min
Introduction of the Host:
Prof. Hua Min currently serves as the Director of Institute of World Economy of Fudan University and a Ph.D. supervisor. He is long engaged in teaching and research in the fields of international economics, world economy and Chinese economy. Recently, Prof. Hua mainly focuses on research subjects including the generative mechanism of global financial crisis, reform of the international monetary system and China’s exchange rate system and foreign trade strategy. Prof. Hua graduated from Fudan University with a bachelor degree in 1982 and started his teaching and researching in political economy at East China Normal University afterwards. He obtained his Ph.D. in economics from Department of World Economy at Fudan University in 1993 and stayed for teaching. From 1996, he began to receive the State Council special allowance. Prof. Hua has been engaged in various social works, serving as Economic and Trade Policy Consultant for Chinese Ministry of Commerce, Social Sciences Academician of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Policy Consultant for Shanghai Municipal People’s Government, Vice Chairman of China Society of World Economics, Vice President of American Economic Association of China, Vice Chairman of Shanghai Society of World Economics, Vice President of the Association of International Friends in Shanghai, and Member of the Judging Committee for Shanghai Entrepreneurial Competency. Prof. Hua has written 10 books in the area of western mixed economic system and four outstanding textbooks on international economics. He has also published more than 200 papers in academic journals such as Economic Research Journal and Management World Monthly. Among his publications, the Research on Western Mixed Economic Systems is awarded Second Prize of Outstanding Works of Fine Art and Social Science by the Ministry of Education and Non-equilibrium Macroeconomic Analysis toward China’s Open Economy is awarded Ann Tse-Kai International Trade Research Award.
Theme Interpretation:
Asia’s subsequent catching up and success after the WWII reflect the benefits of market economy, strategic trade and industrial policies, which also results in a substantial shift of the world's economic center of gravity. The extraordinary growth enjoyed over the last several decades by many East Asian countries has amounted to nothing less than an economic miracle, which was also unforgettably applauded by the World Bank in 1993. Employing unorthodox policies, high-performing Asian economies (HPAEs) typically including Japan, NIEs, ASEAN and followed by less developed countries in the region such as China and Vietnam, have all produced dramatic results with far-reaching improvements in economic growth, human welfare and poverty reduction, leading many to ask how these countries stabilized their economies with sound development programs that led to fast growth and whether a similar achievement can be duplicated elsewhere. However, in 1994 Paul Krugman published the famous article named “the myth of Asia’s Miracle” and he argued that popular enthusiasm about Asia's boom deserves to have some cold water thrown on it. Rapid Asian growth is less of a model for the West than many writers claim, and the future prospects for that growth are more limited than almost anyone now imagines. Sustained growth in a nation's per capita income can only occur if there is a rise in output per unit of input. In other words, without an increase in the efficiency with which those inputs are used-investing in more machinery and infrastructure--must run into diminishing returns; input-driven growth is inevitably limited. Later on, Japan fell into the “lost decades”, while Japan's historical performance has indeed been remarkable, the era of miraculous Japanese growth now lies well in the past. Now, China is also entering an era of so called “the New Normal” which is basically characterized with relatively moderate growth rate compared with before. So far, is it justified to say Asian unusual and impressive rate of economic growth during the past decades only manifests a reward for their extraordinary mobilization of resources that is no more than what the most conventional economic theory would lead us to expect? Or, like Krugman once claimed, “If there is a secret to Asian growth, it is simply deferred gratification, the willingness to sacrifice current satisfaction for future gain?” How can Asian economies to include new elements to its traditional development model and ways of cooperation while facing the overall weakening of growth? How to evaluate the effects of structural adjustment in China? How to deepen market reforms to go through the transition from exportoriented economic to a two-way open one which characterized by facilitating the internal market and improving the supplyside efficiency? How to make the road to the new prosperity in the region? Those are all critical to the next round of economic growth in Asia, and also worthy of our ongoing discussion and reflection. The Forum will open up the discussion focusing on the above issues mainly from the angles of government vs. market, innovation vs. investment, and supply vs. demand by organizing a 3.5-hour sub-forum.
Global Public Policy: Building Action Schemes of Global Governance
Co-organizers: School of International Relations & Public Affairs, Fudan University;
London School of Economics and Political Science
Host: Jing Yijia & Erik Berglof
Introduction of the Host:
Dr. Yijia Jing is the professor in Public Administration at the School of International Relations and Public Affairs and the Associate Director of Foreign Affairs of Fudan University. His research areas cover privatization, contracting, governance, governmentnonprofit relation, public management theories, and comparative public administration. He is the director of the Center for Collaborative Governance Research and the vice director of Dr. Seaker Chan Center for Comparative Political Development Studies at Fudan University. Dr. Jing is a vice president of International Research Society for Public Management. Dr. Jing has published widely on peer-reviewed journals such as Public Administration Review, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, International Public Management Journal, and Public Management Review. He co-edited a special issue on Chinese Public Administration Review in 2008, co-edited a special issue on International Public Management Journal in 2012, and co-edited a special issue on Public Administration and Development in 2015. He has published one English book (Prison Privatization: A Study of the Causes and Magnitude) and one Chinese book (Collaborative Governance: Reinventing the Logic of Public Services). His recent edited book, The Road to Collaborative Governance in China, was published by Palgrave MacMillan. He co-chaired PMRC conference at Fudan University in 2012, the APPAM conference in 2013, and IRSPM conference in 2015.
Dr. Jing assumes multiple editorial responsibilities. He is the editor-in-chief of a CSSCIindexed journal, Fudan Public Administration Review. He is an associate editor of Public Administration Review and a co-editor of International Public Management Journal. He is also the founding co-editor of a Palgrave book series---Governing China in the 21 Century.
Introduction of the Host:
Professor Erik Berglof became the inaugural Director of the Institute of Global Affairs (IGA) on 1 February 2015. He joined the School as a Professor in Practice in the Department of Economics.
Previously he was the Chief Economist and Special Adviser to the President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Prior to joining the EBRD in 2006, Erik Berglof held the position of Director of the Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics (SITE) and Professor at the Stockholm School of Economics and a Research Fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C.
He has also been Assistant Professor at the Université Libre de Bruxelles and held visiting positions at Harvard, Stanford and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Currently, Berglof is Treasurer of the International Economic Association, Member of the Governing Board of the Institute for New Economic Thinking in New York, Board Member and Research Fellow of the European Corporate Governance Institute in Brussels, and Executive Board Member of the New Economic School in Moscow.
He is a Research Fellow and former Programme Director at the Centre for Economic Policy Research in London. He was the founder and President of the Centre for Economic and Financial Research (CEFIR), now part of the New Economic School in Moscow.
In 2013 he was awarded the Leontief Medal for his contributions to economic reforms.
Theme Interpretation:
Problems and solutions are both global in a time of increasing globalization. Recent decades have seen increasing global cooperation in areas like environmental protection, climate change, poverty alleviation, and disaster response. Nonetheless, effects are elusive. Recent global responses to economic depression and terrorism unveiled the weakness of current framework in building consensus and forging collective actions for wicked problems. To effectively handle common problems faced by human beings, the global community needs to go beyond differences in perceptions, values, interests and institutions, and overcome barriers by improving information, technology, resources, and coordination mechanisms.
The concept of global public policy provides an integrated solution, reflecting the expected policy capacities of an unprecedentedly integrated world. The building of global public policy action schemes touches a series of pragmatic issues, for example, the emerging governance platforms and mechanisms especially those proposed by developing countries shall reconcile themselves with existing frameworks and agendas, enormous oversea aid money needs to be better engaged in local governance, value foundation of global policy cooperation is to be strengthened, goal setting, implementation, result measurement and accountability, and conflict resolution of global public policies are to be improved.
This sub-forum invites scholars and practitioners at the frontier of global policy issues to discuss the fundamental drives, areas, mechanisms, opportunities and challenges of global public policy. We explore global public policy processes and results and deliver recommendations on the building and development of effective global public policy systems.
Cooperation towards Disaster Risk Reduction in the B&R Region
Co-organizers: China Insurance Social Security Research Center, Fudan University;
Disaster Prevention and Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Host: Xu Xian & JC Gaillard
Introduction of the Host:
Xu Xian is the Director of China Insurance and Social Security Research Center, Fudan University and the Managing Associate Director of Fudan-UC Center on Contemporary China, based on University of California San Diego. He serves also as executive council member of the Insurance Society of China and senior member of Accounting Society of China. He is also a research associate at Centre for European Economic Research in Germany. He obtained his Ph.D. in economics from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. His research focuses on insurance, disaster economics, risk management and insurance management. Dr. Xu made more than 40 publications on journals such as “Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance”, “International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management”, “Journal of Financial Research”, “Accounting Research and Insurance Studies”. He has presided many key national research projects, such as projects supported by Ministry of Education, Shanghai Government and China Insurance Regulatory Commission.
Introduction of the Host:
JC Gaillard is Associate Professor at The University of Auckland in New Zealand and a former member of the faculty of the University of the Philippines Diliman. He trained as a geographer with particular interest in disaster risk reduction (DRR) in Asia and the Pacific. His present work focuses on developing participatory tools for DRR and in fostering the participation of minority groups in disaster-related activities with an emphasis on ethnic minorities, gender minorities, prisoners and homeless people. JC also collaborates in participatory mapping and DRR trainings with NGOs, local governments and community-based organizations. He presently serves as editor of the journal Disaster Prevention and Management and was co-editor, with Ben Wisner and Ilan Kelman, of the Routledge Handbook of Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction.
Theme Interpretation:
One Belt And One Road (OBOR) is an important strategy for China's economic globalization and promoting coordinated economic development of the region along. The security and stability of the countries and regions along OBOR are important to its development. However, many countries along OBOR are prone to a wide range of hazards. For example, the region includes one of the main seismically active belt of the world and the probability of armed conflicts and acts of terrorism is real. Disasters resulting from these threats may cause a chain reaction in society, economy and even politics between the countries across the OBOR region. Hence cooperation towards disaster risk reduction (DRR) is an indispensable segment of the OBOR strategy. Establishing a DRR strategy protecting development is a common challenge that countries of the OBOR region are facing. Meanwhile, existing connections between and similarities in terms of risk profiles across countries of the OBOR region make cooperation towards DRR feasible and potentially fruitful. Cooperation towards DRR requires not only strategic coordination at the macro level but also collaboration at the micro level; not only attention amongst governments but also NGOs, and business organizations. Therefore, although important and necessary cooperation towards DRR in the OBOR region is likely to be a complicated project. This year’s sub-forum for the Shanghai Forum, Cooperation towards disaster risk reduction in the OBOR region, will discuss the foregoing challenges. It will rely upon the contribution of government officials, scholars from a range of disciplines, NGO leaders and business partners from China, India, New Zealand and the Philippines to discuss DRR in the OBOR region.
